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Tracking Sharks With Robots

Scientists have tracked sharks using robots for years. However, a new design allows them to do this while tracking the animal. The system was developed by biologists from Mote Marine Laboratory, and engineers from Harvey Mudd College using components that were readily available.

It has serious gripping power capable of enduring pull-off forces of 340 times its own weight. It is also able to detect and alter its path according to the changes in objects around the home.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are robotic machines that, according to their design they can drift, drive or glide through the ocean without any real-time guidance from human operators. They are equipped with sensors that record water parameters, map and map features of the ocean's geology and habitats, and much more.

They are typically operated from a surface ship by Wi-Fi or an acoustic link to send data back to the operator. The AUVS can be utilized to collect any kind of spatial or temporal samples and are able to be deployed in large groups to cover more ground faster than can be accomplished by one vehicle.

AUVs can utilize GPS and a Global Navigation Satellite System to determine where they are around the globe, and also how far they've traveled since their initial position. This information about their location, along with sensors in the environment that transmit data to the onboard computer systems, allow AUVs to follow a planned route without losing sight of their goal.

When a research mission is complete after which the AUV will be able to float to the surface, and be returned to the research vessel it was launched from. Alternatively an AUV with a resident status could remain in the water and conduct periodic pre-programmed inspections for a period of months. In either case the AUV will periodically surface to transmit its location via the GPS or acoustic signal which is then transmitted to the vessel that is on the surface.

Certain AUVs are able to communicate with their operators constantly via a satellite connection on the research vessel. This allows scientists to continue to conduct experiments from their ship while the AUV is off collecting data under water. Other AUVs could communicate with their operators only at certain times, for instance, when they require fuel or monitor the health of their sensors.

Free Think says that AUVs are not only used to collect data from oceanography but can also be used for the search of underwater resources, including gas and minerals. They can also be employed in response to environmental disasters like tsunamis or oil spills. They can also be used to monitor subsurface volcano activity and the conditions of marine life, like coral reefs or whale populations.

Curious Robots

Contrary to traditional underwater robotics, which have been programmed to search for one specific feature on the ocean floor, the curious underwater robots are built so they can explore and adapt to changes in the environment. This is important because the conditions beneath the waves can be unpredictable. For instance, if the water suddenly gets warmer it can alter the behavior of marine animals or cause an oil spill. Robots that are curious can spot these changes quickly and effectively.

One group of researchers is developing a new Robotic Shark platform that utilizes reinforcement learning to train the robot to be curious about its surroundings. The robot, which looks like a child wearing a yellow jacket and a green arm is able to spot patterns that could signal an interesting discovery. It can also be taught to make decisions based on the past actions. The results of this research could be used to design an artificial intelligence that is capable of learning on its own and adapting to changes in its environment.

Researchers are also using robots to investigate areas that are too hazardous for humans to dive into. For instance, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has a fascinating robot called WARP-AUV which is used to find and investigate shipwrecks. This robot can identify reef creatures, and even distinguish semi-transparent jellyfish and fish from their dim backgrounds.

This is a feat of sheer brilliance considering that it takes a long time to train a human to do this work. The brain of the WARP-AUV has been conditioned by exposing it to thousands of images of marine life so it is able to identify familiar species on its first dive. In addition to its abilities as a marine detective, the WARP-AUV has the ability to send topside supervisors real-time images of underwater scenery and sea creatures.

Other teams are working on robots that learn with the same curiosity humans have. For instance, a team led by the University of Washington's Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering is investigating ways to teach robots to be curious about their surroundings. This team is part of an Honda Research Institute USA initiative to develop machines that are curious.

Remote Missions

There are many uncertainties that could lead to the possibility of a mission failing. Scientists aren't sure how long a mission will last and how well components of the spacecraft will function and if other forces or objects could interfere with spacecraft operation. The Remote Agent software is intended to ease these doubts by doing many of the complex tasks that ground control personnel would carry out if they were present on DS1 during the mission.

The Remote Agent software system includes a planner/scheduler, an executive, and model-based reasoning algorithms. The planner/scheduler generates a set of time-based and events-based activities called tokens which are then passed to the executive. The executive determines how to expand the tokens into a series of commands that are transmitted directly to spacecraft.

During the experiment during the test, a DS1 crewmember is on hand to monitor and resolve any issues that might arise outside of the scope of the test. All regional bureaus must adhere to Department requirements for records management and maintain all documents associated with the establishment of a specific remote mission.

SharkCam by REMUS

Sharks are elusive creatures, and scientists know little about their activities below the surface of the ocean. Scientists are cutting through the blue barrier using an autonomous underwater vehicle known as the REMUS SharkCam. The results are astonishing and terrifying.

The SharkCam Team, a group of scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution took the SharkCam, a torpedo shaped camera that was taken to Guadalupe Island to track and film white great sharks in their habitat. The 13 hours of video footage combined with visuals from acoustic tags attached to sharks, provide details about the underwater behaviour of these predators.

The REMUS sharkCam is manufactured by Hydroid in Pocasset MA It is designed to monitor the location of animal that has been tagged without disrupting their behavior or causing alarm. It employs an Omnidirectional ultra-short baseline navigation system to determine the range, bearing and depth of the shark vacuum mop robot. It and then closes in at a predetermined standoff distance and location (left right, right, above or below) to film it swimming and interacting with its environment. It communicates with scientists on the surface every 20 seconds, and can respond to commands to alter its relative speed, depth, or standoff distance.

When Roger Stokey, REMUS SharkCam creator Roger Stokey, and Edgar Mauricio Hoyos Padilla, Pelagios Kakunja shark vacuum self empty system researcher of Mexico's Marine Conservation Society, first thought of tracking great white sharks using the self-propelled REMUS SharkCam torpedo, they were worried that the torpedo would cause disruption to the sharks' movements and possibly make them fearful of. Skomal together with his colleagues, revealed in a recent article published in the Journal of Fish Biology that the SharkCam was able to survive nine bumps and a biting attack from great whites that weighed hundreds of thousands of pounds over a week of research along the coast of Guadalupe.

The researchers concluded that the sharks interactions with REMUS's SharkCam, which was tracking and recording the activity of four sharks that were tagged, as predatory behavior. They recorded 30 shark vacuum self empty system interactions with the robot, including simple approaches, bumps and, on nine occasions, aggressive bites by sharks which appeared to be aimed at REMUS.