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Car Seats by Age
Car seats come in a variety of sizes and shapes and shapes, but they're all designed to safeguard children according to their age. It is recommended that children sit in their car seat until they've reached the manufacturer's weight or height limits and then use a booster seat until their vehicle belts are fitted properly, usually when they reach 4 feet 9 inches tall or the age of 10-12.
When shopping for a new car seat, consider features such as fabric that is resistant to staining, removable pieces that can be machine washed, and accessories that can be cleaned.
Rear-facing
Rear-facing car seats cradle infants and toddlers to protect their spines and necks from a crash. They are also safer since they distribute the force of impact over an area larger than the surface, which limits injuries to the spinal cord.
Parents are often enticed to shift their children into forward-facing car seats before they're ready. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends to keep them rear-facing as long as it is possible. The manufacturer will tell you when your child is ready to transition forward.
Children's heads are big in relation to their body, and is still developing. This makes them vulnerable in a crash. In reality children's heads could generate up to 25 times the force of their body weight in an accident -- enough to cause fatal injury. This is why children are at risk for fatal head trauma when they sit in a front-facing car seat.
Many parents believe that their children have stronger necks and are able to make the transition to a car seat facing forward faster. It's important to keep it in mind that a lightweight baby car seat who is in the 95th percentile isn't any more powerful than a child who is 5th percentile, and no amount of push-ups performed by teens will alter this. In the event of a car crash, a larger child's head will likely be hit with greater force. This can lead to injuries to the spinal cord and brain.
If your child is outgrowing their infant car seats best car seat, you can switch to a convertible car that allows children to remain rear-facing until they reach their maximum weight or height limit. Children typically attain their maximum height first. This is why it is important to follow the instructions from the manufacturer of your car seat on when you can switch them to forward-facing mode.
When your child is at their convertible car seat's weight or maximum height, you will have to transition them to a booster. Most booster seats have an inbuilt angle indicator that informs you whether the seat is installed and ready to change into forward-facing mode. It is best to use a booster seat in the back seat of your vehicle and always with a lap belt (never a shoulder belt) to ensure the most secure protection for your child in a crash.
Forward-facing
Many parents are enticed by the idea of turn their babies' car seats around when they grow older because it is more practical. However, they must remember that rear-facing seats are the best option for children.
The fact that a child is facing forward in car seats puts their necks at risk in the event of a crash, as the head could be thrown by force against the seat in front and could cause permanent damage to the spine. Whiplash can still occur even in the event that the neck muscles of the child are strong. This is particularly relevant for children younger than them, such as infants.
A child who is facing forward is more likely to strike their head on the dashboard or in front of the window in the event of a crash. Depending on the kind of crash is occurring and how fast the car is moving, the head could be pushed against the seat. This can result in fractures to the skull or spinal chord.
The current safety standards require that kids remain rear-facing until they are 20 pounds and one year old age. The reason for this is that younger children do not have enough neck strength to withstand a head-on collision, which is the most serious kind of car accident.
Utilizing a harness and tether when rear-facing helps keep the child's head in a stable position, which reduces this strain on their necks. In addition, a rear-facing child is less likely to suffer head injuries due to the fact that the impact is cushioned by body of the seat.
If you have a child less than one year old and is in a convertible seat or an all-in-one which can be changed from rear-facing to forward-facing at any time, read the instructions provided by the manufacturer to determine when it's safe for them to face forward. The manufacturer's guidelines will tell whether or the need for a tether exists and what the maximum weight and height is for that particular seat.
When your child is past the rear-facing car seat limitation you can allow them to travel in a forward-facing car seat using a harness and tether until they reach the maximum weight or height limit set by their car seat's manufacturer. Once they have outgrown this, it's time to get the booster seat.
Booster seat
There is no magic age or size at which kids can safely stop using a booster seat. Kids should use it until the vehicle belt fits them correctly, and that can happen anywhere from age 8 to 13.
A booster increases the height of a child so that they are able to sit upright in cars. The shoulder part of a belt must be positioned so that it is close to the chest, but not above. The lap part of the belt should rest on the thighs, not over the stomach. Booster seats are equipped with a belt guides to help ensure the belt is correctly positioned.
Booster seats can be purchased with or without a rearrest. The most popular booster seat is the high-back, which provides neck and head support for children. This is a good choice for vehicles that have low backs, and no headrests. Backless boosters are less expensive however they don't offer neck or head support. Some all-in-one boosters allow you to switch between harness and booster modes, which makes them suitable for children who are in harness mode up to about 65 pounds. They can also be used as a booster seat up to about 100 pounds.
Some boosters have lower anchors (LATCH) system that hooks onto the lower anchors of the vehicle, and a tether when one is available. Some boosters require the vehicle's seat belt to keep them in place. You can refer to the owner's manual of your vehicle to determine if you can use the lower anchors. Also, make sure you read the instructions for the booster seat to understand how to use it.
Parents may be enticed to let their 3-year old 30 lbs child immediately go to a booster seat because they're growing too tall for the harness car seat. It's dangerous to "graduate" the child from the harness. Children could be injured or even killed if their belt is loose during the event of a crash.
Back seat
All children should be in the back of a car for as long as possible using a child safety seat or booster seat that's been properly installed. Children who are too large for a rear facing car seat, or have exceeded the weight and height limits and should be switched to a forward-facing restraint using a harness until they reach the maximum height allowed for this type of seat.
Once your child has outgrown an infant car seat, you can transfer them to convertible car seats or an all-in-one car seats with a rear-facing option. These seats can typically be used up to two years or until your child is over the seat's weight and height limit. If you have a vehicle with a middle-seat, install the car safety seat so that it is securely secured in this position using the lower anchor system or seat belt.
When your child outgrows their rear-facing car seat it is possible to place them into a front-facing child restraint fitted with a harness and tether. In general, these seats can be used up to 57 inches or until your child outgrows the height and weight recommendations of the seat. You can determine the height and weight of the car seat is by reading the manufacturer's instructions, or looking at the tag that is attached to it.
If it is possible it is recommended that all children over the age of 5 use a booster seat or lap belt. If they aren't able to then they should use the middle back seat restraint. In addition you should not place them in the front seat if there's an airbag that is active. Children who are in the front seat are more likely to be injured in a collision because their bodies are smaller.
It's a good idea bring your child to a local car seat clinic or inspection station to assistance in deciding on and installing the best child safety seat. They can also find out if your child's seat has been recalled due to safety concerns or flaws. You can then purchase one that is suitable for your vehicle and child's height. If you can't try out the seat, find out if the seat has a policy for refunds.